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Deimos and Phobos are the two small, irregularly shaped moons of Mars, which were discovered in 1877 by American astronomer Asaph Hall. Phobos is the larger of the two moons, with a diameter of about 22.2 kilometers (13.8 miles), while Deimos is smaller, with a diameter of about 12.4 kilometers (7.7 miles).

Phobos orbits Mars at a distance of only about 9,378 kilometers (5,827 miles) above the planet's surface, making it the closest orbiting moon to any planet in our solar system. It takes Phobos just 7 hours and 39 minutes to complete one orbit around Mars. Deimos orbits Mars at a distance of about 23,460 kilometers (14,577 miles) and takes about 30 hours to complete one orbit.

Both moons are heavily cratered and have a dusty, rocky surface. They are believed to be captured asteroids that were pulled into orbit around Mars due to the planet's strong gravitational pull. The low surface gravity of both moons means that they have weak gravitational fields and are heavily influenced by the gravitational pull of Mars.

The study of Phobos and Deimos is important for understanding the evolution and history of the Martian system. Scientists believe that the moons may contain valuable information about the formation and early history of Mars, as well as clues about the potential for future human exploration and colonization of the planet. Some proposals for future Mars missions involve using Phobos and Deimos as a base for exploring and studying the planet.